Categories and subcategories of driver's licenses in 2022

A driver's license category designates a group of vehicles that a driver's license holder can drive.

There are 5 main categories: A - motorcycles, B - cars, C - trucks, D - buses, M - mopeds, 4 subcategories: A1, B1, C1, D1 and special categories for driving vehicles with a trailer BE, CE, DE , C1E, D1E.

For example, a category B driver's license allows you to drive only passenger cars and does not allow you to drive a minibus or bus (these vehicles require a category D driver's license).

This article will discuss the categories and subcategories of driver's licenses , as well as the features of their use when driving vehicles.

The driver has the right to drive only vehicles whose categories are indicated on the back of his driver's license. If he does not comply with this requirement, he will receive a fine for lack of category of rights - 5,000 - 15,000 rubles.

Table of driving license categories in 2022

On November 5, 2013, changes to the Law “On Road Safety” came into force, which not only changed the list of driver’s license categories, but also added completely new subcategories.

The breakdown of driving license categories is given in the following table:

Tuition price

Several years ago, when the new law on traffic safety was adopted, even in Moscow it was very difficult to find a driving school that provided training for category M. In 2022, the situation is much better, but still, if you want to open a category for a scooter not in a metropolis (such as St. Petersburg or Rostov-on-Don), prepare to go for motorcycle driving training (A/A1).

The price of passing for a category M license depends on the region (the cost in Kaliningrad and Orenburg will be different) and the “package of services” of the driving school, so it is difficult to say exactly how much it costs to pass for a category M license.

On average, tuition prices range from 7 to 34 thousand rubles:

• From 7,000 to 12,000 rubles for a theoretical course consisting of 16 lessons
• From 16,000 to 26,000 rubles for a theoretical and practical course (18 hours of driving)
• From 20,000 to 34,000 rubles for a theoretical course, driving training, passing a medical examination, registration with the traffic police and support, equipment for a scooter, plus other services.

It is worth considering that the cost of the license is affected by the price of fuel, medical certificate, state duty, availability of your own moped, etc.

Driving license category A

1. In the Russian Federation, the following categories and their subcategories of vehicles are established, for which a special right to drive is granted (hereinafter referred to as the right to drive vehicles):

category "A" - motorcycles;

A category A driver's license allows you to drive any motorcycle, including motorcycles with a sidecar.

In addition, it gives the right to drive motorized wheelchairs, which are extremely difficult to find on the roads in 2022.

Let me remind you that, in accordance with the traffic rules, motorcycles include two-wheeled vehicles with or without a side trailer. In addition, category A allows you to drive three-wheeled and four-wheeled vehicles that, when loaded, weigh no more than 400 kg.

What are the basic rules for a scooter driver?

At a driving school you will be taught all the necessary theoretical knowledge, but the most basic rules are:

• You must always have your driver's license with you.
• Do not drive while intoxicated. Rights are taken away for this.
• Always try to stay on the right side of the road while driving. Or use the bike path. You can also drive on the side of the road as long as you do not interfere with pedestrians.
• You also have the right to overtake trams and trolleybuses
• During daylight hours, do not forget to turn on your daytime headlights.
• Follow the safety rules carefully and don’t do anything stupid: hold the steering wheel with only two hands when driving, don’t forget to wear a helmet, and buckle up.
• You cannot participate in towing.
• It’s also not worth transporting things that exceed the dimensions of your vehicle.
• You can take someone with you. But only under the conditions that he is at least seven years old, and that he is also equipped with protective equipment.
• You should not cross roads directly at a pedestrian crossing.
• And you can’t turn around or turn left across tram tracks

Subcategory A1

subcategory “A1” - motorcycles with an internal combustion engine displacement not exceeding 125 cubic centimeters and a maximum power not exceeding 11 kilowatts;

Subcategory A1 allows you to drive motorcycles with a small engine capacity and low maximum power.

I note that drivers with a category A license can also drive vehicles of subcategory A1.

An important difference between subcategory A1 is that it can be opened at the age of 16.

Driving license category B

category “B” - cars (except for vehicles of category “A”), the permissible maximum weight of which does not exceed 3,500 kilograms and the number of seats, in addition to the driver’s seat, does not exceed eight; cars of category “B” coupled to a trailer whose maximum permitted weight does not exceed 750 kilograms; cars of category “B” coupled with a trailer, the permissible maximum weight of which exceeds 750 kilograms, but does not exceed the unladen weight of the vehicle, provided that the total permissible maximum weight of such a combination of vehicles does not exceed 3500 kilograms;

A category B driver's license allows you to drive passenger cars, as well as small trucks, minibuses and jeeps that meet the above requirements.

Also, category B gives the right to drive motorized wheelchairs and cars with a trailer, the maximum permitted weight of which is not more than 750 kg.

In addition, it is possible to use trailers whose weight exceeds 750 kilograms, subject to the following requirements:

1. The permissible maximum weight of the trailer must not exceed the unladen weight of the vehicle.

2. The total permissible maximum weight of the vehicle and trailer must not exceed 3.5 tons.

For example, let the permissible maximum weight of the car be 1,900 kg, and the unloaded weight 1,400 kg (these values ​​are indicated in paragraphs 14 and 15 of the vehicle passport).

Having a category B license, you can attach a trailer with a maximum permitted weight of 1400 kg to the specified vehicle. In this case, the permissible maximum weight of the trailer does not exceed the unladen weight of the vehicle. In addition, the permissible maximum mass of the vehicle combination is 1,900 + 1,400 = 3,300 kg. It does not exceed 3,500 kilograms.

BE

To drive a category B vehicle with a heavy trailer, the driver will need category BE:

category "BE" - cars of category "B" coupled to a trailer, the permissible maximum weight of which exceeds 750 kilograms and exceeds the weight of the vehicle without load; cars of category “B” coupled to a trailer, the permissible maximum weight of which exceeds 750 kilograms, provided that the total permissible maximum weight of such a combination of vehicles exceeds 3500 kilograms;

Features of the educational process

In addition to age restrictions, applicants for enrollment in courses should take the medical certificate seriously. Doctors make similar requirements for the health of moped drivers when opening category A.

The following persons are not allowed to participate in the educational process:

• with poor vision and severe astigmatism;
• registered in drug treatment and psychological dispensaries.

Enroll cadets with presentation:

• medical certificate, photographs for its registration are canceled;
• passports;
• military ID (if available);
• payment receipts.

According to the terms of the training program, a citizen must listen to the theory for 72 hours. 30 hours are allotted for practical knowledge, and the student will be busy driving for 18 hours.

During coursework the following questions are studied:

1. Basics of traffic rules, behavior while driving at traffic lights, intersections.
2. Designation of all signs.
3. How to provide first aid.
4. Legal articles of the Administrative Code.
5. Cases of liability for violations.

Driving license category C

category “C” - cars, with the exception of cars of category “D”, the permissible maximum weight of which exceeds 3500 kilograms; cars of category “C” coupled to a trailer whose maximum permitted weight does not exceed 750 kilograms;

A category C driver's license allows you to drive only medium (from 3500 kg to 7500 kg) and heavy (more than 7500 kg) trucks, as well as trucks with a trailer whose maximum permissible weight does not exceed 750 kg.

Please note that category C does not give the right to drive small (less than 3500 kg) trucks and cars.

SE

category "CE" - cars of category "C" coupled to a trailer whose maximum permitted weight exceeds 750 kilograms;

To drive a category C car with a heavy (more than 750 kg) trailer or semi-trailer, the driver will need an additional category CE.

Subcategory C1

subcategory “C1” - cars, with the exception of cars of category “D”, the permissible maximum weight of which exceeds 3500 kilograms, but does not exceed 7500 kilograms; cars of subcategory “C1” coupled to a trailer, the permissible maximum weight of which does not exceed 750 kilograms;

Subcategory C1 includes medium-sized trucks, the permissible maximum weight of which is in the range from 3.5 to 7.5 tons.

This subcategory also allows you to transport a light trailer (up to 750 kg).

Drivers with main category C can also drive vehicles of subcategory C1.

C1E

subcategory “C1E” - cars of subcategory “C1” coupled to a trailer, the permissible maximum weight of which exceeds 750 kilograms, but does not exceed the weight of the vehicle without load, provided that the total permissible maximum weight of such a combination of vehicles does not exceed 12,000 kilograms;

There is also an additional subcategory C1E, which allows you to drive cars of subcategory C1 with heavy (more than 750 kg) trailers. In this case, the total permitted maximum weight of the truck and trailer must not exceed 12 tons.

Drivers with a senior CE category can also drive vehicles of subcategory C1E.

Driving license category D

Category “D” - cars intended for the carriage of passengers and having more than eight seats in addition to the driver’s seat; cars of category “D” coupled to a trailer whose maximum permitted weight does not exceed 750 kilograms;

A category D driver's license allows you to drive buses of various sizes, regardless of their permissible maximum weight, as well as buses with a trailer whose maximum permissible weight does not exceed 750 kg.

Having a driver's license category D, the driver can drive both small buses used as minibuses and huge tourist buses.

The only type of bus that does not qualify for Category D are articulated buses or 'accordion buses'.

DE

To tow trailers with a permissible maximum weight exceeding 750 kg, as well as to drive articulated buses, a driver's license category DE is required.

Category “DE” - vehicles of category “D” coupled to a trailer whose maximum permitted weight exceeds 750 kilograms; articulated buses;

Subcategory D1

subcategory “D1” - cars intended for the transport of passengers and having more than eight, but not more than sixteen seats, in addition to the driver’s seat; cars of subcategory “D1” coupled to a trailer, the permissible maximum weight of which does not exceed 750 kilograms;

Subcategory D1 allows the driver to drive small buses with 9 to 16 seats. This category also allows the use of a light trailer weighing up to 750 kg.

This category includes small minibuses, for example RAF-2203 or GAZelle-3221, which were previously widely used as minibuses. Currently, minibuses of foreign brands are widespread, which have more than 16 seats, and for which subcategory D1 is not enough to drive.

D1E

Subcategory D1E is intended for driving small buses with heavy trailers:

subcategory “D1E” - cars of subcategory “D1” coupled to a trailer that is not intended for the carriage of passengers, the permissible maximum weight of which exceeds 750 kilograms, but does not exceed the weight of the vehicle without load, provided that the total permissible maximum weight of such a combination of vehicles does not exceed 12,000 kilograms.

Please note that the trailer, firstly, should not be designed to transport passengers, and secondly, the total permissible maximum weight of the bus and trailer should not exceed 12 tons.

I note that drivers with category D can drive buses of subcategory D1, and drivers with category DE can drive buses with trailers of subcategory D1E.

How to pass

A novice driver who has not yet received a license must declare his desire to go out on the streets on a moped. To do this, you need to find training courses in your city of residence. However, any driving school will not refuse to teach a beginner.

The training period includes both a theoretical part and practice. Within 2 months, the student masters the basics of driving a moped and scooter.

Here's what the algorithm for a newly minted driver looks like:

1. Enroll in a driving school.
2. Practice several times a week with experienced instructors.
3. Pass a medical examination and receive a positive conclusion on the standard state of health.
4. On the day of the exam, arrive at the appointed time at the traffic police department to take the theory test. The exam is organized in a computer lab with a time limit.
5. Show your driving, but not in the city, but at the traffic police site. The inspector checks the following items:
   the ability to start and brake (turn on and off the engine);
6. acceleration when driving;
7. making turns;
8. using gestures to signal other road users about the driver's intentions;
9. use of mirrors.
10. Payment of the state fee, digital photography and obtaining a license the same day after successfully passing the exam.

Category M

category "M" - mopeds and light quadricycles;

Category M was introduced on November 5, 2013. It allows you to control mopeds and light quadricycles.

Drivers who do not have category M, but have any other category of driver's license, can also drive vehicles of category M.

Please note that a tractor driver's license and a foreign driver's license do not allow you to drive mopeds.

Receipt procedure

It is now known when and at what age a future driver can receive the coveted and new category M. Starting in 2022, a new law has been in effect making registration of a special category for driving scooters and mopeds a mandatory procedure.

To obtain this document and open a new category with the designation M, a consistent and step-by-step procedure is needed. There is a standardized list of what needs to be done. Namely:

• obtain a certificate from a driving school;
• confirm skills in the presence of a traffic police inspector;
• pay and get your license.