How to get an M category license for a scooter and moped?

Good afternoon, dear reader.

Due to constant changes in Russian legislation, many vehicle drivers, especially minors, often ask whether they need a license for a scooter (moped) in 2022 and 2022 , and what the penalty is for not having a driver’s license.

Moreover, starting from November 5, 2013, the requirements for drivers of small-power vehicles have become much more serious.

Innovations in legislation

In 2022, changes were made to the Federal Law on Road Safety. They also affected category M.

Before this, both adults and minors could ride mopeds and scooters with a small engine capacity. Since for this category of transport it was not necessary to undergo training, pass exams and obtain a permit. Many people took advantage of this, as a result of which people very often got on scooters while drunk.

In 2022, amendments were made to the Federal Law on road safety

Now you can ride a moped or scooter if you have a category M driver's license. The driver will have to undergo a medical examination, study at a driving school and pass an exam at the traffic police department. And when driving drunk, the offender will be punished under the same articles as car drivers. You also need to take out a compulsory motor liability insurance policy to drive.

Motorcycles with sidecars

They are a heavy type of bike. The design includes a two-wheeled motorcycle and a one-wheeled side trailer (sidecar). It can be either fixed or removable.

In previous years, such a bike often served as a less expensive substitute for a passenger car. As a rule, it is distinguished by its heavy weight, low-speed and powerful engine.

The most famous representatives of the class:

• Dnepr 11, Dnepr 16;
• Yamaha D-Side by Deus 3;
• Ural GEAR-UP, etc.

Ural GEAR-UP
A motorcycle with a sidecar copes well with off-road conditions and transportation of large luggage, which is what it is intended for. During the Great Patriotic War, they were even used to pull cannons. It is not advisable to use it on highways, since the stability is quite low, especially at high speed. The drive can be not only on the rear wheel, but also on the cradle.

How to get a license for a scooter

How to get category M and is it possible now? Yes, because the government has already drawn up and approved a program for training and obtaining category M licenses, and all driving schools with the appropriate license have the right to train citizens.

Category M can be obtained for a scooter up to 50cc

Where and how can I get it

To understand how to get a license for a scooter up to 50cc, you just need to familiarize yourself with the algorithm for obtaining licenses in other categories.

For scooters you will have to do approximately the same:

1. To begin with, go through a medical examination. Doctors must conclude that the person does not have any diseases that prevent driving. The specialists who need to be examined include a psychiatrist and a narcologist.
2. Choose a driving school and sign up for training.
3. Pay for all classes and get all the necessary knowledge - theory and practice.
4. Pass the exam at a driving school.
5. Pass certification at the traffic police department.

If you fail the exam, you can take it again. The next attempt becomes available no earlier than after 7 days. If the candidate exhausts three attempts in this way, the next one will be available only after 30 calendar days.

You can retake the exam if you fail it.

Conditions of receipt

What do you need to get a license for a scooter? After completing the training, before the exam at the traffic police, you must collect a package of documents and submit it to the traffic police department.

The list of documents is as follows:

• Application for a driver's license. It is filled out using a standard form, a sample of which can always be found on the traffic police website, or obtained from the department.
• Certificate of successful completion of the training course issued by the driving school.
• The driver’s medical examination card with marks from each of the medical specialists.
• Receipt for payment of state duty.
• Passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation or other identity card with confirmation of registration address.

Admission to take the opening exam of category M

To be admitted to the exam you need:

• Pass a medical examination.
• Receive a document confirming the training completed at the driving school.
• Submit an application and documents to the traffic police and pay the state fee using the details received.

How much does it cost to get a scooter license? When registering a regular license, the state fee is 500 rubles; for a laminated card you will have to pay 2,000.

To be allowed to take the exam, you need to collect a package of documents.

Features of obtaining and passing the exam

To obtain a category M license, you must demonstrate the following knowledge in the exam:

• Traffic Laws.
• Safety precautions for category M transport management.
• Ways to communicate while driving.
• Responsibility for driving a moped without permission.

You also need to demonstrate the ability to operate a scooter, as well as knowledge of vehicle maintenance in the event of a breakdown during a trip.

The theoretical part is taken using a computer. The maximum allowed number of errors is 2. After passing the theory, the candidate takes the practical part at the motor vehicle site.

He must perform the following maneuvers under the supervision of instructors:

• Driving along a corridor of installed cones, accelerating, stopping and turning around.
• Snake maneuvering.
• Driving along the “rut board”.
• Low speed ride - drive 10 meters in more than 5 seconds without touching the ground with your feet.
• Travel along the "eight" route.

The theoretical part of the exam is taken using a computer.

Special purpose motorcycles

They are:

• police officers;
• firefighters;
• army;
• Ambulance.

This type also includes high cross-country vehicles.

Each type has its own characteristics. For example, a Russian electric motorcycle for special services from the Kalashnikov concern is distinguished by its noiselessness and ability to overcome rough terrain. It is used in reconnaissance, raids, and search operations. One charge is enough for 100 kilometers. Speed ​​– no more than 80 km/h. But the heavy concept bike “Izh” has 150 horses and reaches a speed of 240 km/h.

How to choose the right driving school

The choice of educational institution must be taken seriously. Otherwise, the driver risks wasting his time and money. The ideal option would be an already verified driving school that has a license to issue a category M license.

When choosing, you need to pay attention to the following factors:

• Tuition price. It should not be very high, but you should also not pay attention to very low prices. Running a driving school is not cheap, so if they offer training at a reduced price, then the quality of training will obviously be just as low.
• What is the condition of the school's car park and transport area? All necessary types of vehicles must be available and in proper condition. The training site must be equipped with the necessary equipment for training.
• Documentation. The driving school must have a license to train drivers of category M, which has not yet expired. The curriculum must fully comply with the requirements of the traffic police.

Off-road motorcycles

They are produced to conquer off-road terrain, all kinds of jumps and other obstacles. To do this, they are equipped with the appropriate equipment, which allows them to easily overcome areas where ordinary bikes would simply get stuck in a slip.

The following types of motorcycles are considered the most famous off-road vehicles:

• cross;
• enduro;
• motard;
• speedway, etc.

Cross

This type of motorcycle has one purpose - sports. It is not used on public routes, as there are no lighting devices on it. They are not designed for city driving.

Distinctive features are:

• small mass;
• reliable frame;
• long travel suspension.

They are almost always equipped with a two-stroke engine, which is started by a kick starter. All this together makes the bike a good cross racer. There are no excesses.

Examples include:

• Suzuki RM250(2T)/RM-Z250(4T);
• Honda CRF250R;
• Yamaha YZ250.

There are modified models with 450 cubes. There are also miniature versions of this type of bike, which are produced for use in children's motocross races.

Enduro

They are heavier than motocross bikes and have a similar appearance to them, but are not as powerful. The main direction of these motorcycles is off-road tourism over relatively short distances. To do this, they are equipped with excellent suspensions that successfully smooth out road bumps, and a fairly wide seat. The upright seating position does not put as much strain on the torso while riding. At the same time, they have turn signals, headlights, a speedometer, a mirror, a muffler - everything that makes it possible to drive on city streets.

Examples include:

• Yamaha TT250R Open Enduro;
• GEON X-Road 200 BMW;
• Suzuki DR-Z400.

On enduro you can not only maneuver in the bustle of the city, but also learn how to ride a motorcycle. How to choose an enduro for a beginner is described here.

Motards

Designed for regular roads, but can also cope well with off-road conditions. Motards are characterized by a high rider position, ease of control and a fairly powerful engine.

This type of motorcycle includes:

• BM Motard 200;
• BMW G650 X;
• Suzuki 250SB;
• Honda FMX 650;
• Yamaha XT660X.

Speedway

Structurally, it is designed specifically for circuit ice racing. There is no gearbox, brakes, fairings, but there are spikes (almost 3 cm). These motorcycles are integral to the sport. At the same time, manufacturers decided to create a more popular version available to ordinary citizens.

Harley-Davidson was the first to produce the Peashooter (350 cc), which could be purchased by almost anyone. Soon, the Indian company began producing the Prince bike with approximately the same cost and engine capacity. We can’t help but mention the Jawa motorcycle, the legendary winner of many speedway competitions.

Possible fines

When riding a moped without a category M license, the violator will face a fine under Art. 12.7 of the Code of Traffic Violations. The fine ranges from 5 to 15 thousand rubles. If this is a repeated violation, the fine will increase to 30 thousand. In addition, the driver may be subject to correctional labor.

You need to be responsible when choosing an educational institution

Notes

1. Mopeds with pedals and gear shift	Riga Moto • “Riga-3” • “Riga-4” Lviv Moto • “Verkhovyna-4” • “Verkhovyna-5” • “Verkhovyna-6”
   Mokiki	Riga Moto • “Riga-22” • “Delta” Lviv Moto • “Verkhovyna-7” Izhevsk Moto Plant named after. V. A. Degtyareva (Kovrov): “ZID-50” • “Bird”
   Mopeds from socialist countries	GDR: "Simson S51" Poland: "Ryś MR1" • "Komar" • "Romet" Czechoslovakia: "Jawa 50 typ 20" VNR: "Berva" Read also:  About high-quality and inexpensive chains for motorcycles SRR: “Carpati” • “Mobra” NRB: “Balkan-50”

Rules for riding a moped

When operating a moped or scooter of category M, the following rules apply:

• Always carry your driver's license with you.
• Citizens over 16 years of age can drive a vehicle.
• If a violator is detained while intoxicated, he will be deprived of his rights.
• The movement of mopeds and scooters must be carried out along the right edge of the roadway or along the bicycle path.
• It is allowed to move along the side of the road without interfering with pedestrians.
• Overtaking of trams and trolleybuses is allowed.
• During daylight hours, low beam headlights must be turned on.

The following actions are also prohibited:

• When driving, hold the steering wheel with only one hand.
• Ride without a helmet or with it unfastened.
• Transport children under 7 years of age without special equipment. equipment.
• Cross roads at a pedestrian crossing.
• Carry large objects that protrude beyond the scooter.
• Make a U-turn or a left turn across tram tracks.
• Participate in towing.

Not all driving schools specialize in training category M drivers.

Dual purpose motorcycle

Designed specifically for driving on asphalt roads, as well as on rough terrain. At the end of the 60s of the last century, the Yamaha concern released the first batch of bikes that combined the properties of road motorcycles and DT-1 SUVs. Subsequently the DR350 was produced.

Enduro Dual Sport BMW 1200 GS (left) and dual-purpose motorcycle Suzuki DRZ400 (right)

The division of motorcycle equipment into types is not always uniform. Some bikes can immediately belong to different types. And although there is no absolutely accurate classification of motorcycles, it is possible, given the current state of affairs, to find the equipment that would suit you best.

Gregory

Blog author

Is category M necessary if B is open?

How to open category M if there is B and is it necessary? Category B provides the opportunity to drive cars weighing up to three and a half tons. It can only be issued to adult citizens. Category B automatically includes M, which means that nothing additional needs to be opened.

It happens that by B they mean subcategory B1. It, unlike B, provides the ability to control only ATVs and tricycles. That is, three or four-wheeled motor vehicles for public roads with a title.

Varieties [ edit | edit code ]

Scooters come in different types:

• Urban (compact with small diameter wheels).
• Tourist (large, comfortable for long trips on good asphalt roads).
• Sports (racing).
• Country roads (with large wheels for dirt roads).
• Off-road (with large wheels and off-road tire tread).

Moped –

Scooters with a cubic capacity of up to 50 cm³ are quite weak in terms of dynamic and speed characteristics, which makes them quite dangerous to drive on roads with heavy traffic. In the CIS and Russia, amateurs often make changes to the design of scooters of this class (taking advantage of the fact that it is difficult to prove design changes directly “on the road” that are contrary to the law) - tuning. Their goal is to improve the speed and dynamic characteristics of scooters. By tuning the engine cylinder volume and the torque ratio of the variator and gearbox, you can increase the maximum speed of the scooter to 80-90 km/h (sometimes more). It should be noted that the ability to accelerate to such a speed does not at all mean the ability to quickly accelerate to such a speed - the engine, even after tuning, remains the same [2]. In Ukraine, category A1 driving license is required.

Motor scooter (scooter)

— scooter with a cubic capacity of up to 125 cm³. A little bigger than a moped. In Russia, you need a license of category A1 or A. It is the most successful motorized vehicle for frequent driving around the city, since at a low cost there is enough power to confidently move around the city, unlike a moped, a saddle for two, slightly larger wheels, low fuel consumption. This class is one of the oldest. Until the 1990s, there was a manual transmission that took up a lot of space, and the engine cylinder was on top and pointed upward. Since the engine was hidden under the seat, this limited the maximum cubic capacity.

Midimotor (midiscooter)

- a motor scooter with a cubic capacity of 125-250 cm³, is a further stage in the development of scooters and occupies an intermediate link between classic motor scooters and maxi-motor scooters.

Maximoscooter (maxiscooter)

— a motor scooter with a capacity of 250–400 cm³, which is essentially a more comfortable alternative to a motorcycle. It is designed for the most comfortable driving in the city and on the highway - advanced wind protection, a comfortable double seat, a powerful and at the same time economical engine. The design of the power unit is the same as that of motor scooters (motor-wheel): an engine with an exhaust system, interlocked with a variator, on which the rear wheel with a brake mechanism is attached. This design determines the low cross-country ability of the maxi scooter off the asphalt.

Hypermotor scooter (hyperscooter)

is a motor scooter with a capacity of 500 cm³, which outwardly is no different from a maxi-motor scooter, but inside it is close to motorcycles. This is the newest stage in the development of scooters. The first hyperscooters appeared in the 2000s. The differences from other scooters are under the plastic - the engine and variator of the hypermotor scooter are rigidly mounted on the frame like on a motorcycle, and the rear wheel is driven by a chain located inside the pendulum in an oil bath or by an open chain or open belt like on motorcycles or a variator on the rear wheel. This design helps reduce unsprung weight and thereby install a more powerful and heavier engine with more than one cylinder. It also improves weight distribution and suspension, which improves handling. Among all motorcycles, hyperscooters, being full-fledged motorcycles, have ideal balance and the lowest center of gravity. This is achieved due to the horizontal arrangement of the cylinders, which is possible due to the compactness of the variator.

Hyperscooters are capable of accelerating up to 200 km/h or more and are designed for long journeys, for which they have a large seat capacity, comfortable driver and passenger seats and the ability to attach panniers. Since there is no gear shift foot and brake foot, the position of the feet is the most convenient among all motorcycles, bringing it closer to car comfort. Today, hyperscooters are technically the most advanced among all road motorcycles.

There are also electric scooters (see electric scooter).

There are cargo models of scooters used for delivery, where there is a wide wheel or two wheels at the back, and there are scooters with a cabin.

Scooters with three wheels, two of which are in front, allow you to ride more confidently on slippery or wet roads. Also, thanks to two wheels in front, the braking distance is shorter. They often have a locking mechanism for tilting the front wheels, which allows you to ride at very low speeds or even stand still without supporting the scooter with your feet.

Scooteretta [ edit | edit code]

Scooteretta

- a transitional link between scooters and motorcycles. This is a scooter on large wheels (43.2 cm in diameter), the engine of which, together with the gearbox, is fixed in the frame, and torque is transmitted to the wheel by a chain in the casing. At the same time, the automatic clutch makes it easier for beginners to operate. Scooters are usually covered with plastic on all sides.

The scooter is distinguished by its developed guards, large wheel diameter (for example, 43.2 cm), and also by the fact that the engine is installed under the driver’s feet, and not under the saddle, like a regular scooter. Gear shifting in many cases is carried out like a motorcycle, but the clutch is automatic. In fact, a scooter is a hooded version of a moped (mokika) and occupies a market niche between a motor scooter and a regular motorcycle or moped (mokik). Scooters are most popular in Asian countries. The most common scooter in the world is the Honda Super Cub, which has been produced virtually unchanged since 1958. It was preceded by some European models (for example, the Jawa brand).

Cargo scooters [ edit | edit code]

A typical cargo scooter is equipped with a flatbed body with the ability to install an awning. Their load capacity usually does not exceed 300 kg [3], but new models can reach 700 kg. Consumption of a fuel mixture of oil and gasoline (or only gasoline for models with four-stroke engines) ranges from 3 liters per 100 km for modern models to 7.5 liters for models like the Soviet “Ant”. A number of Indian models are also equipped with micro-displacement diesel engines with a consumption of up to 2-2.5 liters per 100 km.

In the early 1960s, cargo scooters “Vyatka” and “Tula” were widely used in the USSR for the delivery of ice cream, bread, milk and other products, as well as as intra-factory transport. During construction, these scooters transported roofing felt and other building materials across the roofs of workshops, so they were light and maneuverable compared to electric cars.

In the regions of Hindustan, cargo scooters are most widely used as delivery trucks (pickup trucks), being maximally unified with such a popular type of commercial passenger transport as rickshaws and being in the niche between cargo bicycles and pedicabs and ordinary four-wheeled pickup trucks and taxis. Their popularity is primarily due to their low price and minimal taxes, relative efficiency and maneuverability, which is fundamentally important in such congested million-plus cities as Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Bangkok and the like.

Approximate cost of training

Not all driving schools specialize in training category M drivers.

Those schools that are capable of this provide three types of training programs:

1. Only theoretical lessons. The cost of training ranges from 7 to 12 thousand rubles, and the duration of full training is from one to two months.
2. Theory + practical lessons on driving a scooter. This course lasts at least two and a half months, and will cost from 15 to 25 thousand rubles. The program will not include any additional services.
3. The most extended program will cost from 25 to 35 thousand rubles. In addition to theoretical lectures and driving lessons, the program will include a package of additional services. Assistance will be provided in preparing for the traffic police exam and a trial exam will be held within the driving school. In addition, school employees themselves will pay the costs of the medical examination and state fees.

Scooters from different countries [ edit | edit code]

Japanese scooters are considered the most reliable, Italian ones are the most dynamic, Chinese ones are the cheapest. In the Soviet Union, scooters were produced by the Vyatsko-Polyansky Machine-Building Plant and the Tula Machine-Building Plant named after Ryabikov.

Japanese scooters [edit | edit code]

They are represented by “Suzuki”, “Yamaha” and are usually distinguished by their low weight, more powerful engine, reinforced frame structure and plastic linings made of very high-quality plastic. Kawasaki scooters, which recently appeared on the European market, are actually Taiwanese products, which are also sold at a greatly inflated price. [ source not specified 582 days

] Original modern Japanese motor scooters are characterized by high quality workmanship and a relatively long service life (motor scooters are considered the most reliable, and Yamaha are the most dynamic) [
source not specified 582 days
]. Relatively old Japanese motor scooters, imported from Japan through Primorye and Ukraine, are also widely represented in Russia.

European scooters [ edit | edit code]

Produced by Piaggio, Gilera, Peugeot, Renault, Derbi, Aprilia, Malaguti, Benelli, BMW, Beta, Italjet, etc. For scooters of the old The European school is characterized by a design with a supporting body made of metal, later frame structures, but still with metal cladding, which affects the weight. Vespa became the founder of the European school of designing motor scooters. A year later, Lambretta began to compete with it, which resulted in a protracted confrontation between the two brands. There are Italian and German design schools.

The Italian is characterized by lightness, a relatively small engine capacity, and components created specifically for these scooters.

The German school is distinguished by solid design, greater weight, greater comfort for the pilot, larger engine capacity, higher technical characteristics and widespread use of motorcycle components.

Modern European scooters are little different from Japanese ones, with the exception of a more sophisticated design (liquid (usually water) cooling, cantilever suspension of the front wheel, etc.) and overall massiveness.

Chinese scooters [edit | edit code]

They are produced by a huge number of Chinese enterprises, representing local processing of relatively old Japanese models, as well as new solutions based on them. Notable is the predominance of four-stroke engines (however, there are also two-stroke engines), similar in design from most manufacturers, as well as the greatly varying quality of assembly and components among different brands that produce outwardly identical models.

Chinese scooters use more fragile plastic and less durable motors than Japanese ones. When used carelessly, Chinese scooters experience minor breakdowns that cause the owner a lot of trouble. However, with proper use, Chinese scooters can serve the owner for quite a long time. The cost of repairs, compared to Japanese models, is relatively low, but the quality of repair kits sometimes leaves much to be desired.

Some rather successful solutions of the Chinese motorcycle industry are known - this is the processing of the famous Honda Cub scooters (also popular in the scooter line) and Honda CD70 (better known as Alpha). (“Chongqing Wonjian”). The declared engine life before the first overhaul is 20-30 thousand kilometers.

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