Appearing in the pre-war years, the Ural motorcycle became the main heavy motorcycle of the USSR for many decades. Moreover, the Irbit Motorcycle Plant continues to produce modifications of the Ural motorcycle in 2013. But in the last decade, they abandoned the independent production of component parts, leaving behind the final assembly from purchased elements.
Photo of the Ural M-67 motorcycle, model 1976.
For reference: unfortunately, the decrease in output led to the fact that the selling price in the Urals increased significantly, which affected the number of sales. They have dropped noticeably, and today the Irbit Motorcycle Plant produces motorcycles only to order.
Excursion into history
It is generally accepted that the prototype of the Urals was the German motorcycle BMW R-71, the drawings of which were officially purchased in the fortieth year of the last century.
After studying and developing the technical documentation, the domestic M-72 motorcycle was born, which had some differences from the prototype:
- The model was equipped with a double-disc clutch (in German, a single-disc clutch was used);
- The final drive ratios were increased, which increased its cross-country ability in off-road conditions;
- The wiring diagram of the Ural motorcycle was chosen to be single-wire (on the German prototype it was two-wire);
- The entire electrical circuit was built on a voltage of 6V (later switched to 12 volts);
- The ignition timing for different engine operating modes was given manually.
The wiring diagram for the Urals provided for manual setting of the ignition timing
A feature of domestic motorcycles was the ease of do-it-yourself maintenance - any breakdown or malfunction could be solved in the field.
Over the course of several years, no more than 7,000 copies were produced at all enterprises that mastered the production of motorcycles:
- Moscow Motorcycle Plant (MMZ had the most massive production of the M-72);
- Gorky Motorcycle Plant (GMZ);
- (Leningrad);
- Kiev Motorcycle Plant (KMZ);
The main production of Ural heavy motorcycles was launched at the Irbit motorcycle plant, located in the Sverdlovsk region, where MMZ production equipment was evacuated at the beginning of the war.
The factory instructions describe in detail the power unit of the Ural motorcycle
For reference: The Irbit motorcycle plant, formed on the territory of the brewery in November 1941, is considered to be the ancestor of the M-72 motorcycle, called “Ural-1”. Throughout the years of its activity, its only specialization was the production of heavy motorcycles. And all the military videos featured exclusively his products.
Find out also about the features of the 16-valve VAZ 21103 wiring.
Period 1941-1954
Having appreciated all the advantages of the motorcycle in the conditions of hostilities, it was decided to increase their production several times. In 1942 alone, the Irbit Motorcycle Plant produced almost 10,000 Ural-1 motorcycles. In the post-war years, the annual target was 20,000 motorcycles.
The first batch of motorcycles from the Ural Irbit Motor Plant entered the Red Army in February 1942
The main customers were:
- RKKA (Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, later renamed the Soviet Army);
- Law enforcement service (police);
- Consumer cooperation (in the post-war period);
- Population (did not go on sale until the mid-50s).
Motorcycle M-72 Ural model 1942
For reference: Over the two decades since its release, the motorcycle has proven its worth as a mobile vehicle, most suitable for use in off-road and urban environments.
Period 1955-1964
The wiring of the Ural motorcycle also performed well - if at first the designers had concerns about loss of contact due to possible corrosion of the metal frame, then operation showed the reliability of the single-wire electrical circuit.
Single-wire color wiring diagram for a Ural motorcycle with a sidecar
However, with the release of the transitional model IMZ M-61 and, on its basis, the new Ural model M-62 (in 1961), the following were modernized:
- Transmission,
- steering;
- ignition system.
In particular, automatic ignition timing was introduced, since the motorcycle received a new power unit, and the old manual control of the timing advance did not meet the technical requirements.
The new electrical wiring for the Ural motorcycle connected into a single system:
- Battery model 3MT-12 with a voltage of 6V;
- Relay-voltage regulator model PP-31;
- Generator brand G-414;
- Distributor chopper with ignition advance system PM05;
- Ignition coil model B201.
Color diagram: Ural motorcycle wiring with symbols
In just a couple of years, Ural modifications appeared in the production program of the Irbit Motorcycle Plant:
- IMZ M-61 (transitional model for testing a new overhead valve engine);
- M-63 “Ural 2” (the frame was modernized and a new exhaust system was introduced, which made it possible to increase ground clearance);
- M-66 “Ural 3” (the wiring diagram for the Ural motorcycle was replenished with direction indicators and new side lights);
For reference: a large number of models under the Ural brand and alphanumeric indices often create confusion. For example, the wiring diagram of the Ural 4320 implies the electrical system of an off-road truck, and the wiring diagram of the Ural 5557 implies its modifications, and not one of the varieties of a heavy motorcycle.
See also the Moskvich 412 wiring diagram.
Messages [21 to 40 of 54]
21↑ Reply from shaman507 04/15/2015 21:52:26
- shaman507
- Angry moderator
- Inactive
- Name: Evgeniy
- From: Tambov region
- Registered: 28-05-2013
- Messages: 4 350
- Reputation: 401
- Motorcycle: Dnepr MT 10-36, M-72, Ural IMZ-8.103-10, M-63, IZH-49, Militia Ural single, Minsk M-106
Re: wiring diagrams for motorcycles
Write the names of which contacts on your relay
22↑ Reply from kilerx37 04/15/2015 22:13:27
- kilerx37
- Newbie
- Inactive
- Name: Yuri
- From: Kokhma
- Registered: 22-06-2014
- Messages: 14
- Motorcycle: Ural
Re: wiring diagrams for motorcycles
My relay has (+ sh lk)
Added: 04/15/2015 22:13:27
Hello. Please tell me . I have a problem with the wiring on my Ural motorcycle. I can’t figure out where to put the end of the wire that goes according to the diagram to B3 on the relay. My relay does not have such a contact. (Pink wire) There is only + sh lx (electronic relay)
23↑ Reply from Luis 05/14/2015 10:35:00
- Louis
- Elder
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- Registered: 07-04-2014
- Messages: 2 525
- Reputation: 160
- Motorcycle: Dnepr 11
Re: wiring diagrams for motorcycles
I came across it...maybe someone can help. everything seems to be correct. The drawings are not mine.
If something is wrong, correct it.
+6
24↑ Reply from pet.mikh.mikh 05/14/2015 16:18:50
- pet.mikh.mikh
- Elder
- Inactive
- Name: Mikhail
- From: Tyumen
- Registered: 20-05-2014
- Messages: 1 443
- Reputation: 81
- Motorcycle: Ural IMZ-8-103-10 1993
Re: wiring diagrams for motorcycles
Intelligible, catch +.
25↑ Reply from kilowatt3 05/14/2015 21:33:45
- kilowatt3
- Electrician
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- Name: Alexander
- From: Belgorod region Alekseevka
- Registered: 24-03-2011
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- Motorcycle: Dnepr MT 11, but there were different ones and more than one!
Re: wiring diagrams for motorcycles
buddy, it’s correct and thorough, but people don’t like to search, you should probably create a separate thread marked important, and the name is a color guide for everyone.
26↑ Reply from Luis 05/15/2015 03:52:16
- Louis
- Elder
- Inactive
- From: Sakhalin
- Registered: 07-04-2014
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- Motorcycle: Dnepr 11
Re: wiring diagrams for motorcycles
The main thing is that everything is correct, you, as those who are knowledgeable in electrical engineering, have checked it, maybe in a separate topic..
27↑ Reply from Vadimka 01-10-2015 05:41:37
- Vadimka
- passerby
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- Registered: 18-09-2015
- Messages: 3
Re: wiring diagrams for motorcycles
hi everyone. I have this problem: when turning left, the turns blink. When turning right, the headlight blinks. what should I do? Thank you
28↑ Reply from komandor 01-10-2015 19:32:58
- commander
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Re: wiring diagrams for motorcycles
hi everyone. I have this problem: when turning left, the turns blink. When turning right, the headlight blinks. what should I do? Thank you
What does "headlight flashing" mean? Is it on, but when you turn on the turns it starts to go out and then come on? If so, then somewhere in the “relay—>turn signal lamp” circuit there is a short circuit. And there is a voltage drop when the relay is activated.
Features of the development of electrical equipment for Ural motorcycles
Over the years, the six-volt circuit ceased to meet technical regulations, and on subsequent models, manufacturers installed central wiring designed to operate 12V equipment:
- Rechargeable 12-volt battery;
- More powerful generator;
- Ignition coils;
- Headlights;
- Turning lamps and side lights;
- License plate lamps;
- Brake light lamp;
- Fuse box.
Modern wiring to the Urals M-67 according to GOST 3940-71
For reference: the introduction of GOST 3940-71 for automotive and tractor electrical equipment in 1975 forced the Irbit and Kiev motorcycle factories to upgrade the Ural M-67 and Dnepr MT10 motorcycles to a 12-volt electrical system.
The 12-volt ignition system for Ural motorcycles consists of:
- power sources (battery and generator);
- ignition coils;
- low and high voltage wires;
- spark plugs;
- manual or automatic ignition timing regulator;
- central switch (ignition switch).
Historical reference
Pre-war period
From archival documents it follows that a group of engineers appointed by the Soviet leadership considered it expedient to use the BMW R-71 product as the basis for the future motorcycle..
German BMW R-71 model 1940
For reference: The group studied all commercially produced motorcycles available in those years. And based on a number of characteristics, she determined the most promising configuration, which was exactly what the BMW brand corresponded to. However, according to Soviet engineers, some of the components and assemblies, as well as the central wiring, needed modification to suit domestic operating conditions.
The project was approved by the Soviet leadership and already in 1940 pre-production samples were ready for testing, which had:
- The wiring diagram of the Ural motorcycle was based on a single-wire version (the metal frame acted as a “minus”), while BMW used a two-wire one;
- 6V voltage was chosen (in the post-war years, 12-volt equipment was considered promising);
- For stable operation on a lean fuel mixture, a manual ignition timing regulator was installed;
- To improve motorcycle performance in off-road conditions:
- a double-disc clutch was installed (the BMW R-71 was equipped with a single-disc clutch);
- In the gearbox, the final drive ratios have been increased.
The main feature of the first heavy domestic motorcycle was its simplicity:
- you could fix any breakdown along the way with your own hands;
- adjust the electrical system (the electrical wiring of the Ural motorcycle allowed this);
- clean and adjust the power system;
For reference: In pre-war times, more than 7,000 motorcycles entered service. Their production was carried out by the Moscow Motorcycle Plant (MMZ), the Gorky Motorcycle Plant (GMZ), the Leningrad and Kiev Motorcycle Plants (KMZ).
War time
With the outbreak of war, motorcycle production was urgently evacuated to Sverdlovsk and quickly launched at the Irbit motorcycle plant. The donor of the new production was all the equipment removed from the Moscow Motorcycle Plant. And the finished products went straight from the assembly line (pictured below) to the customer.
Directly from the factory, the militia went to the front on M-72 Ural motorcycles
The military appreciated the high quality and ease of maintenance of the motorcycle. Their defense order has increased several times. The team of the Irbit Motor Plant managed to increase the volume to 10,000 Ural-1 in 1942 alone, and subsequently exceeded the mark of 20 thousand units.
Emblem of the Irbit Motor Plant
Note! The original name “Ural” exists not only in the designation of heavy motorcycles, but also trucks, which contributes to a little confusion. In particular, the Ural 4320 wiring diagram is related not to a motorcycle, but to a car. The wiring diagram of the Ural 5557 is deciphered in a similar way - this is a modification of a truck.
Post-war time
The accumulated operating experience in the most severe conditions has proven the promise of the chassis and the design as a whole (this is clearly shown in the video presented at the end of the article), which allowed the factory designers to focus on improving the functionality of the motorcycle.
For reference: Although the 6V wiring diagram for the Ural motorcycle was considered obsolete, it was nevertheless retained due to the amazing stress resistance of the design.
Along with the main customer (the army), the IMZ production program also included:
- law enforcement agencies (police);
- security organizations such as fisheries inspection;
- fire services;
- medical services, etc.
The production of fire-fighting versions was mastered by a plant in Dnepropetrovsk in the 80s.
For reference: The wiring diagram for a Ural motorcycle with a fire pump provided for reliable starting in any conditions.
Electrical diagram
The wiring diagram for the Urals includes:
- Spark plug;
- Ignition distributor (rotor);
- Distributor breaker;
- Secondary winding in the ignition coil;
- Primary winding in the ignition coil;
- Actuator mechanism (hammer) of the breaker;
- Actuating cams for breaking the camshaft contact;
- Breaker Anvil;
- Ignition system capacitor;
- Distributor;
- Rechargeable 6V battery;
- Headlight;
- Ignition switch with key;
- Ignition switch contact group;
- Ignition coil.
Note! The proposed instructions described in detail not only the adjustment points, but also the repair methods in the event of an accident or failure of the electrical components of the Ural motorcycle.
However, the wiring of the Ural motorcycle was modified every time the domestic industry introduced new quality standards.
In addition, the appearance of additional equipment on models:
- Side lights;
- More capacious battery;
- Automatic ignition timing regulator;
made some adjustments. In particular, the new electrical wiring for the Ural motorcycle was a more complex system (pictured below).
Color scheme of M-72 motorcycles
Further operation showed that the six-volt wiring diagram for the Ural motorcycle is futile. And it was, as expected, replaced by more modern equipment designed for 12V.
This was greatly facilitated by the introduction of GOST 3940-71 for automotive and tractor electrical equipment, which occurred in 1975. In particular, the wiring to the Ural M-67 and Dnepr MT10, produced by IMZ and KMZ, met the requirements of a 12-volt electrical system.
