How to choose the right motor oil for a motorcycle

Updated: 02/28/2021 15:53:43

Expert: Boris Vladimirovich Filatov

*Review of the best according to the editors of expertology.ru. About the selection criteria. This material is subjective in nature, does not constitute advertising and does not serve as a purchase guide. Before purchasing, consultation with a specialist is required.

The most important technical fluid for a motorcycle engine is engine oil. The stability and durability of the engine depends on the correct choice of lubricant. In the manual of each bike, the manufacturer indicates the type and viscosity of the lubricant, as well as its volume and replacement interval. Sometimes recommendations are given on the use of a specific model, but more often a fairly wide range of lubricant compositions is allowed. Therefore, the help of experts when choosing oil for a motorcycle will not be superfluous.

Types of Motorcycle Oil

Undoubtedly, every fan of fast driving who always wants to keep his “iron horse” in perfect condition should pay special attention to preserving its technical properties. This is not a trivial matter, because lubricants and additives play a vital role in improving the “heart” of any mechanism. After starting the engine, the oil begins to work, creating a film over the main components. As a result, the friction coefficient is reduced, wear of spare parts is reduced, excess heat generated by the engine or clutch is removed, and oxidation resistance is increased.

Motorcycles use different types of mixtures depending on the engine. Previously, only two-stroke units were produced. This has now changed and the vast majority of brands produce 4-stroke models. Before you learn about the different types of oil, you need to study the 2 main types of engines of different sizes:

• A 2-stroke apparatus performs 4 actions during fuel combustion (intake, compression, explosion and exhaust), while 2 revolutions of the crankshaft occur. Automotive chemicals for these mechanisms are mixed with gasoline, the internal gears are processed, thus reducing friction. The mixture is quickly consumed, it must be periodically topped up, observing the replacement interval. In some models, the chemicals are located in a separate compartment, while in others they are drained directly into the fuel tank.
• With a 4-stroke mechanism, the crankshaft rotates four times during one gasoline combustion cycle. The type of chemistry for 4-stroke motorcycles is significantly different from that used inside 2-stroke units. Now that you know how the devices described above work, you can begin to list the existing mixtures, let’s look at what they are.

Types of oil for 4-stroke motorcycles:

1. Synthetic chemicals are produced through a special synthesis process in a laboratory. They are manufactured exclusively for the treatment of high-performance turbocharged engines.

Key Features:

• extend the life of the motor;
• high price due to the complex production process;
• lubricants can withstand high temperatures;
• Synthetics reduce fuel consumption and respect the environment by reducing pollution.

2. Mineral oils are obtained during oil refining. They are easier to produce, so the price is significantly lower than synthetic ones.

Product Features:

• natural wear of the mixture is higher;
• the price is lower;
• used for classic units (diesel, gasoline);
• increase environmental pollution;
• quickly lose their properties.

3. Semi-synthetic chemistry is a mixture of synthetic and mineral products. It has the properties and advantages of various types of lubricants, its price is in the average range.

Another important characteristic is the nomenclature, the current one is compiled from the parameters of the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) and determines the viscosity of the product. The nomenclature (SAE) consists of two numbers interspersed with the letter "W". For example, 10w40, the first number indicates the viscosity class of the lubricant and low temperature tolerance. The lower this number, the more liquid the mixture. The second number is responsible for the degree of viscosity at elevated temperatures. The higher the number, the denser the lubricant. The letter "W" represents the English word: Winter. The most common 4-stroke compounds: 10w40; 5w40; 15w40.

A little history

Motor oils protect moving parts of motorcycle and car engines from premature wear. They consist of a base substance and improving additives. Hydrocarbon raw materials processed through the hydrocracking process are used as the main ingredient.

On a note! Hydrocracking is the processing (splitting) of petroleum products into lighter fractions: fuel for motors, lubricants. The process takes place at high temperatures, in the presence of hydrogen and catalysts.

Motor oil was “gifted” to car enthusiasts and bikers by John Ellis, a doctor from the USA. While studying the possibility of using crude oil in medicine, the doctor noted its good lubricating properties and treated the jammed valves of a hospital steam power plant with the test substance. The valves “came to life”, the steam engine started working, and the doctor received a patent for the world’s first motor working fluid REPSOL.

To protect the first automobile engines, mineral compounds and plant-based lubricants were used. Auto mechanics used castor and ricin fluids until 1914. In the USSR, this practice existed until the 20s of the last century. Having a high viscosity, these products did their job perfectly, but the pistons and rings became covered with soot and tar deposits, which is why the engines had to be sent out frequently for repairs and cleaning.

Soon, mechanics began to use mineral (petroleum) compounds, which were used without any additives until the 40s. The degree of purification determined their quality. The purest product was transparent and golden-honey or amber in color. But even high-quality mineral waters quickly oxidized, leaving carbon deposits on the pistons and unwanted deposits on the crankshafts and bearings.

As a result, internal combustion engine compression decreased, heat dissipation worsened, and parts wore out faster. In addition, the fluid quickly “aged”, filled with contaminants, and required frequent replacement (every 1000 km), and the engine had to be disassembled and washed. All of the listed “charms” were especially acute when operating diesel engines. Chemists were actively looking for ways to improve the properties of oils.

The first motor mixture with improving additives was developed and released by Chevron in 1935. Phosphonate additives were added to the base composition to keep the pistons and rings clean for a long time. Very soon, numerous improving additives were developed to perform engine protection functions:

• from oxidation;
• from premature wear;
• from corrosion;
• scuffing prevention;
• anti-foam;
• dispersants.

Interesting! Dispersants are additives that prevent the appearance of sediment, with the formation of a large fraction of it and subsequent accumulation in bearing units.

With the advent of depressant additives, winter and all-season products appeared. In addition to dispersants, full-flow filters began to be used, purifying 100% of the mixture with each revolution. All these measures made it possible to avoid rapid contamination of the working fluid and the accumulation of harmful deposits in engine components. The result of applying the entire complex of the listed measures was an increase in the interval between lubricant changes in engines to 6,000 - 10,000 km.

Most Popular Brands

What brand of oil is the best? Is there really a big difference among the different models? How much do they cost? Let's look at the main motorcycle lubricant models by popularity:

1. Motul is one of the most famous manufacturers of auto chemicals. A wide range of products includes: oils, additives, brake fluid. The Motul motorcycle compound is one of the most current solutions that reliably protects your “iron horse” from damage.

2. “Liqui Moly” is a large German company that produces cleaning sprays, brake fluids, radiator cleaners and much more. Their products are value for money while providing optimal performance.

3. The Castrol brand continues to be one of the most prominent in the automotive chemicals market, despite the fact that the bulk of its products were intended for 2-stroke engines. Castrol offers products with excellent characteristics.

There are an endless number of domestic and foreign brands on the market. Select formulations with the functionality you need.

The best manufacturers

Motor oils have been produced and sold for over 140 years. During this time, many European, Asian and American manufacturers appeared on the market. Some brands have been known for decades, others are relatively young, but the quality of the goods is not inferior to market veterans. When choosing a worthy product, you should get acquainted with the best manufacturers.

Shell

The British-Dutch oil and gas giant Royal Dutch Shell was created in 1907 as a result of the merger of Royal Dutch Petroleum and the Shell Transport and Trading Company. Today it is one of the largest suppliers of oil and petroleum products on the world market. The production of lubricants is carried out by a division of the Shell Lubricants concern, whose products are in demand in more than a hundred countries around the world. The buyer is offered a product with excellent characteristics, produced using the best motor oil formulations. Quality is controlled at all stages. The impeccable characteristics of Shell Helix Ultra synthetics are known to every car enthusiast.

Castrol

British brand. Founded in 1909. The company was engaged in the production of lubricants for internal combustion engines of automobiles, motorcycles and aviation.

Interesting! The company name is derived from the abbreviation “castor oil” - castor oil.

The company acts as a technical partner for many rallies and Formula 1 races. Castrol lubricants have helped set more than 20 speed records. Motorcycle oil brands Power 1 and Act Evo are in high demand among bikers.

LIQUI MOLY

The company was founded by Hans Henle in September 1957, today it is one of the world's largest manufacturers of fuels and lubricants. Its product range is constantly expanding. In addition to motor and transmission lubricants, Liqui Moli auto chemicals and car cosmetics are in high demand. In 2013, after deep redesign and expansion, the company launched a new motorcycle program. Since 2017, Liqui Moli has been the official sponsor of the world hockey championship, and since 2919 it has been providing official sponsorship of the royal Formula 1 race.

A complete list of all the best manufacturers will take a lot of time and make the choice even more difficult. Before deciding which company is better to buy lubricants, you should carefully read the operating instructions for your “iron horse”. It is necessary to take into account the manufacturer of the bike, its technical characteristics and operating conditions.

It doesn't hurt to listen to the advice and recommendations of experienced bikers and auto mechanics. It is necessary to study the description of several types of product, the volume and frequency of its replacement, and clarify how much this or that option costs. This can be decisive when choosing one option or another. Only by putting together and evaluating all the advantages and disadvantages of a product can you make the right decision and not make a mistake when choosing.

How to choose the right viscosity grade

To purchase a suitable product, you can contact an official dealer or a reliable workshop, where they will tell you which composition is best for you. Typically, each producer has an agreement with the oil company. He recommends a mixture of a certain brand and viscosity grade, in accordance with API, JASO, ILSAC, ACEA standards. The most common index is “SAE” (Society of Automotive Engineers), it is displayed on packages of multigrade motor oil.

In any case, using the correct viscosity increases engine performance, reduces wear on its components, and also helps reduce fuel consumption. Therefore, when it comes time to change the chemistry, it is very important that you tell the professional what type of mixture you are going to use and at what time of year.

In addition to the “SAE” index, there are lubricants where the viscosity grade is standardized by the American Petroleum Institute (API) or the Japanese Automotive Standards Organization (JASO). The first classifies brands of air-cooled gasoline units using the letter “S”, to which another one is added in alphabetical order, “SA” lubricant is the simplest. For a modern motorcycle, it is appropriate to purchase the “SH” mixture.

If you choose the “JASO” classification brand, the best options will be “FC” and “MB” compounds for two- and four-stroke engines, respectively - the lower the second letter in the alphabet, the lower the quality of the chemistry. The criteria for choosing a particular mixture depend on the time of year and the type of engine.

Difference between 2-stroke and 4-stroke internal combustion engines

Two-stroke engines are used to equip cross-country motorcycles, small-capacity bikes up to 125 cc, scooters and motor vehicles of domestic manufacturers.

Both expensive synthetics and cheap compounds are poured into such internal combustion engines. The choice depends on the manufacturer’s recommendations, operating conditions of the equipment and year of manufacture.

The main feature of two-stroke engines is the use of a gasoline-oil mixture. In this case, such a mixture burns together with the fuel. Therefore, the lubricant must be resistant to the formation of solid deposits and the large amount of smoke that is generated during combustion.

Two-stroke oils are divided into the following categories:

• TA is a motor vehicle with an engine capacity of up to 50 cubic meters.
• TV - motorcycles up to 300 cc.
• TC - scooters, ATVs and other motor vehicles with an engine capacity of up to 300 cubic meters.
• TD is a lubricant intended for boats and boats. This oil is not used for motorcycles.

Japan has adopted a separate classification of oils for two-stroke engines:

• FA - for internal combustion engines with increased forced power.
• FB - for motorcycles that are used daily in city conditions.
• FS - for scooters, mopeds and other small-capacity motor vehicles.

Important.

If you fill a two-stroke engine with oil for a four-stroke engine, the fuel mixture will not burn completely and strong carbon deposits will appear. The engine resource is enough for a maximum of 100 km of travel.

Modern motorcycle models are equipped with four-stroke engines, which are distinguished by high power. This technique is difficult to use and will not tolerate the use of cheap lubricants.

The main feature of four-stroke engines is the presence of an oil and air cooling system. In such internal combustion engines, the transmission components are lubricated in the engine crankcase.

There are special requirements for oil for 4-stroke engines:

• High level of viscosity. Engine parts must be in a protective environment, which is provided by a strong elastic oil film.
• Ensuring quick start of a cold engine.
• Resistance to changes in operating temperature conditions.
• High percentage of special additives and additives contained in the composition.
• Resistant to oxidation, foaming and evaporation.
• Long service life.

Practical advice

Below we provide several practical recommendations for replacing motorcycle chemicals:

• Check the oil level and quality periodically;
• The vehicle must be in an upright position to perform this operation. It is recommended to start the engine and let it idle for two to three minutes so that the mixture spreads along the internal circuit. After this time, check the oil level using a dipstick or through the “porthole” located at the bottom of the crankcase.
• If the level is low, add chemical even if it is not the same viscosity. This is not the most recommended option, but you will avoid a greater harm; this is an emergency solution until you take the vehicle to a service center or a specialized workshop.
• When refueling, be careful not to exceed the maximum level, as this may result in loss of pressure stability, damage to the lubrication circuit and increased fuel consumption.
• When it comes to chemical replacement, it is best to follow the advice of a professional. If the same brand is used to lubricate the engine, transmission and clutch, do not delay replacing it after 2000 kilometers. By processing only the thruster, an interval of 5000 kilometers can be planned. In any case, follow the instructions of a trusted mechanic and take your time with the replacement.
• As a rule, the oil filter should be changed in parallel with the lubricant. This is an important element of the engine, since its clogging can reduce oil flow and cause engine failure.

It is important to note that there is no need to throw away the used filter, but take it to your nearest workshop for treatment by an authorized disposal specialist.

Domestic technology

Since most Russian-made motorcycles use frankly outdated technologies, the choice of oil for them should be approached with special standards. The best oil for a motorcycle with a four-stroke engine is the mineral product M8B1, which prevents the formation of scuffing no worse than its foreign counterparts. Some experts recommend using the alternative presented by M10G2k, but it shows average results in all respects. In principle, no one forbids pouring modern foreign oil, but it often foams in domestically produced engines, which leads to a decrease in pressure in the lubrication system and breakdown of the power unit.

Russian and Soviet two-stroke equipment was created entirely with the use of M8 oil in mind. There were also recommendations for the use of lubricant marked MC20, but acquiring it is not so easy. According to the results of a survey of owners, it turned out that domestic oil MGD-14M reduces wear rate better than others. Many of its parameters allow us to say that such a lubricant is superior to imported analogues! You can also use foreign lubricant, but you should look closely at it, since there are many fakes on sale that can cause great harm to the engine.

The proportion of oil and gasoline for domestic motorcycles is different. If it is recommended to pour 1:20...1:50 lubricant into foreign equipment, here 25 milliliters are added per liter. The exception is the Tula motorcycle - for it the norm is to add 30–35 grams of oil per liter of fuel. The proportions also need to be strictly observed, since deviation from them can seriously affect the operation of the motor and its reliability.

Rating of quality motorcycle oils for 2022

Our list is compiled based on real reviews, it takes into account the opinions of customers familiar with the product and its functions. Here you will find photos and tables of characteristics.

Inexpensive

Repsol Moto Sport 4T 10W40

The semi-synthetic composition “Repsol Moto Sport 4T” is suitable for 4-stroke units. The brand demonstrates resistance to elevated temperatures. Its viscosity class makes it easy to start a vehicle engine at different outside temperatures. “Repsol moto sport” is perfect for motorcycles left by their owners on the street in places with difficult weather conditions. The chemistry provides effective lubrication of various parts of the engine and reduces wear on its parts. Its viscometric characteristics, together with low volatility, make it possible to achieve optimal fuel consumption and adequate detergent-dispersant ability.

Technical indicators:

Repsol Moto Sport 4T 10W40

Advantages:

• decent viscometric characteristics;
• low volatility;
• sufficient detergent-dispersant ability ensures complete cleaning of the motor;
• The brand has high heat resistance, and its viscosity grade makes it easier to start in difficult weather conditions.

Flaws:

• not detected.

Motul 5000 4T 10W40

The Motul 5000 4T 10W40 mixture meets Harley Davidson specifications. It is successfully used in motorcycle engines of all classes, from highway to off-road. "Motul 5000 4T 10W40" is suitable for 4-stroke engines equipped with or without an integrated gearbox, with an oil or dry clutch, including the brand can be used in vehicles with catalytic converters in the exhaust.

The oil is successfully used by ATVs and mopeds, and is marked “MA2” according to the JASO classification. The chemical composition of the product ensures maximum friction between the clutch discs in an oil bath and its smooth activation at critical moments during acceleration. "Motul 5000 4T 10W40" improves gear shifting.

Technical indicators:

Motul 5000 4T 10W40

Advantages:

• excellent quality;
• acceptable price.

Flaws:

• not detected.

Castrol Power1 4T

Castrol Power1 4T, with its Power Release formula, is specially designed for bikers who want to enjoy riding to the limit. The chemistry has been tested and proven to reduce internal drag, providing exceptional engine acceleration even after light throttle application. The “Power Release” formula gives the brand good fluidity, which has a positive effect on the speed of mixing, minimizing power loss.

Technical indicators:

Castrol Power1 4T

Advantages:

• excellent quality, developed for the latest generation four-stroke units;
• Power Release formula releases additional power;
• Castrol Trizone technology.

Flaws:

• not detected.

Repsol Moto Sintetico 2T

The brand serves two-stroke units of small displacement. Its composition protects the mechanism from the formation of deposits in the exhaust and the destruction of fuel components. Repsol Moto Sintetico 2T is suitable for engines with injection lubrication. Thanks to the mixture, high stability of the protective film, thermal and oxidative stability are achieved, friction and wear are reduced. "Repsol Moto Sintetico 2T" prevents the formation of pearls on spark plugs and carbon residues. The mixture is labeled “M345 FD” according to the JASO classification.

Technical indicators:

Repsol Moto Sintetico 2T

Advantages:

• effectively protects the mechanism from the formation of deposits in exhaust gases and degradation of fuel components.

Flaws:

• environmental pollution.

Average

Liqui Moly Motorbike 4T Synth Street Race 10W-50

"Liqui Moly 10w50 Street Race" is designed for 4-stroke units. It is a 100% synthetic lubricant that ensures optimal handling of your scooter or motorcycle. The composition is suitable for powerful units used during sports driving. The 10w50 Street Race chemistry will improve the performance of your vehicle so you can fully enjoy its power. The composition is made in Germany, which additionally guarantees quality.

Technical indicators:

Liqui Moly Motorbike 4T Synth Street Race 10W-50

Advantages:

• popular manufacturer;
• reliable packaging.

Flaws:

• not detected.

Motul Transoil 10W-30

The composition is specially developed for gearboxes with submersible clutches, which use oil different from the engine. The brand is suitable for road and cross-country motorcycle models, enduro motorcycles with a 2-stroke engine, mopeds, scooters, and ATVs.

Technical indicators:

Motul Transoil 10W-30

Advantages:

• lubricates the primary system and clutch well;
• high-quality oil for transmissions, gearboxes of two-stroke units.

Flaws:

• not detected.

Repsol Moto Scooter 4T 5W40

"Repsol Moto Scooter 4T" is a synthetic brand, it is produced directly for 4-stroke motorcycles. It features excellent motor protection and maintains optimal performance over a wide temperature range. Repsol Moto Scooter 4T can be used in a wide variety of operating conditions: driving around the city or quickly accelerating on the highway.

When purchasing Repsol brand products, you are choosing more than just lubricants. Because in addition to a high-quality product, you get the Repsol guarantee and maximum innovation. The company has a technology center at the forefront of research and development, where specialists continually improve each product to ensure the highest environmental performance and quality. Brands that have been tested in tough competition become the ideal choice for your “iron friend.”

The Repsol formula extends the service life of the lubricant due to the symbiosis of molecules. The chemical protects metal surfaces and is capable of maintaining a liquid film between gears under the most extreme accelerations. The production of synthetic bases for Repsol formulations, a market benchmark, allows the company to offer a wide range of products.

Technical indicators:

Repsol Moto Scooter 4T 5W40

Advantages:

• suitable for both urban use (stop-start) and intercity travel;
• excellent viscometric profile, facilitating cold starting and lubrication at any temperature;
• the formula ensures the correct operation of clutches in joint lubrication systems of the engine and transmission (wet clutch).

Flaws:

• not detected.

Expensive

Castrol Fork Oil

Castrol Fork Oil is specially created for those who want the best motorcycle oil. Castrol products are certainly an excellent alternative and successfully outperform their competitors. Castrol Fork Oil is a mineral blend developed for suspension use and is available in an economical 500ml pack. Users and experts note the excellent level of viscosity of this composition, it provides highly effective protection against loss of suspension properties of the suspension, regardless of temperature.

This liquid has certificates and is widely used by recognized masters at international competitions. They always closely monitor the effectiveness of the lubrication to ensure optimal suspension performance. This brand has established itself as one of the best in lubricants for all types of vehicles, so your investment will be more than guaranteed.

Technical indicators:

Castrol Fork Oil

Advantages:

• ensures motor durability;
• high viscosity effectively protects the fork suspension;
• has international certificates guaranteeing its properties;
• stability and performance regardless of temperature conditions.

Flaws:

• not the most favorable impact on the environment.

Moly Motorbike Street 4T 15W-50

The lubricant was developed by German and is considered the best motor compound in terms of price and quality ratio. The brand belongs to an exclusive line for 4-stroke engines. This synthetic product provides high resistance to shear and wear of internal parts of the unit, significantly reducing oil consumption and increasing fuel efficiency.

The chemical has cleaning properties, protecting the mechanism from dirt. The packaging has a special filling handle, which makes it easier to replace chemicals. The system consists of a removable tube that goes down into the drum; during its use there is no splashing of oil.

Technical indicators:

Moly Motorbike Street 4T 15W-50

Advantages:

• a well-known brand designed for 4-stroke units;
• advanced technologies help the mixture easily penetrate into any corner of the engine;
• quality, performance, viscosity guarantees proper operation;
• washing ability protects the mechanism from contamination.

Flaws:

• not detected.

Doubts

I, the author of these thoughts, like many others, poured Motul 8100 into the engine of my car and later, motorcycle oil into pit bike and enduro engines. But the small (1.6 liter, 160 horsepower) engine of the car, despite timely replacement every 7,000 km, successfully coked, the rings sat out and no miracle happened, the oil was growing worse before our eyes. Of course, we can say that the reason is not the oil at all, but this at least suggests that it is no better than the others. But my fears were confirmed by the owners of the same cars; members of the auto club completely switched to oils of other brands.

The familiar packaging of Motul 7100 oil

The second signal that there is no need to trust blindly came from the reviews of athletes and those who work with them. A motocross rider I know used this oil and his engine failed several times during the season. After switching to another brand, the situation with the engine returned to normal and serious breakdowns disappeared.

The guys close to the sports motard crowd were categorically against it, since they are constantly present at the sports track and said that among amateurs, the engines of evil Motard motards run out as quickly as grandma’s pies. And those athletes who race under Motul sponsorship change their oil every race.

Another factor against Motul is the high probability of running into a fake. There are constantly broadcasts on TV about the discovery of more and more clandestine factories producing oils on an industrial scale. A typical motorbike enthusiast buys expensive motor oil in a store and, without knowing it, is approaching a major engine overhaul.

Specifications